Lack of Confidence as Professionals Spurs Women to Leave Engineering, Study Finds

Women who begin college intending to become engineers are more likely than men to change their major and choose another career, but it's because they lack confidence, not competence, says a paper in the October issue of the American Sociological Review.

 

Specifically, women lack "professional role confidence," a term that describes, loosely, a person's sense that he or she belongs in a certain field. The term encompasses more than mastery of core intellectual skills. It also touches on a person's confidence that he or she has the right expertise for a given profession, and that the corresponding career path meshes with his or her interests and values.

 

As one of the most sex-segregated professions outside the military, engineering carries ingrained notions and biases about men being more naturally suited to the field, which can have self-reinforcing effects, notes the paper's lead author, Erin Cech, a postdoctoral fellow in sociology at Stanford University's Clayman Institute for Gender Research.

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Erin Cech, Brian Rubineau, Susan Silbey, and Caroll Seron
Professional Role Confidence and Gendered Persistence in Engineering
American Sociological Review October 2011 76: 641-666, doi:10.1177/0003122411420815 [fee]

 

Abstract

Social psychological research on gendered persistence in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professions is dominated by two explanations: women leave because they perceive their family plans to be at odds with demands of STEM careers, and women leave due to low self-assessment of their skills in STEM’s intellectual tasks, net of their performance. This study uses original panel data to examine behavioral and intentional persistence among students who enter an engineering major in college. Surprisingly, family plans do not contribute to women’s attrition during college but are negatively associated with men’s intentions to pursue an engineering career. Additionally, math self-assessment does not predict behavioral or intentional persistence once students enroll in a STEM major. This study introduces professional role confidence—individuals’ confidence in their ability to successfully fulfill the roles, competencies, and identity features of a profession—and argues that women’s lack of this confidence, compared to men, reduces their likelihood of remaining in engineering majors and careers. We find that professional role confidence predicts behavioral and intentional persistence, and that women’s relative lack of this confidence contributes to their attrition.